Saturday, March 30, 2013
My Own Teaching Philosopy
(Blog Task: 2, Due Date 23rd
March 2013.)
Learning is
an important task of human being; teachers are the human makers, while schools
are the learning factory of the human and learning pathway of the learners. The
students are the product of the school- factory; a factory can produce a
particular product in good condition but a school can produce various
professionals such as a doctor, Engineer, scientist and many more. Hence the
teaching and learning is very important process in the human life. So
systematic approach should be take part in learning process. The approaches are
known as “Learning Theories”.
Why
learning theories are important in my own practice?
The Learning Theories are allowing
the learners to have systematic approach in the learning process. A teacher who
has enough knowledge in Learning Theories; easily he can identify the strength
and weak of his students and take proper attention of individual student of particular area of
learning, and It is interesting to think about individual differences,
problems, and difficulties among learner face; and guide them in to right way
and give the work in different ways
according to the learner’s flexibilities by giving activities that have variety
and interest for all the learners in educational programs.
Cognitive theory is mental ability
of connecting new knowledge, concept and understanding, with prior knowledge of
psychology that attempts to explain human behavior by understanding the thought
processes also known as “Assimilation” is when the child has seen something
before and applies to the current situation the cognition will be increase
accordance with growth of the human. The theorist is Jean Piaget (1896 - 1980)
Behavioral learning theory is a part
of behaviorism, a study of the behavior of a human or an animal reacting to
something in the environment and react their behaviors. The reaction is termed
the "response," and the thing causing the reaction is the
"stimulus". The "response," allow the people to learn
faster than comparing with other learners. The one of famous theorist is B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
Constructive
theories of learning are also a commonly used method in teaching. Salvin (2003)
explained that the main essence of this theory is the idea that learners must
individually discover and transform complex information, if they are to make it
their own. According to him, this theory sees learners as constantly checking
new information against old rules and then revising rules when they no longer
work. It typically make extensive use of corporative learning, on the theory
students will more easily discover and comprehend difficult concepts if they
can talk each other about the problems. Discovery learning is also a vital
component in constructive approach. In discovery learning, students are
encouraged to learn largely on their own through active involvement with
concepts and principles. Teachers help them to discover things on their own
selves.
Social
learning theory is observation in learning and non observable cognitive process
such as thinking and knowing. It occurs through reinforcement and imitation of
high status models and involves paying attention, retaining information or
impressions, producing behaviors and repeating behaviors through reinforcement
or motivation.
Referencing:
Robert E.Salvin (2003) Educational Psychology,
theory and practice, Allyn and Bacon; United States of America.
Dasen, P.
(1994). Culture and cognitive development from a Piagetian perspective. In W
.J. Lonner & R.S. Malpass (Eds.), Psychology and Culture. Boston:
Allyn and Bacon.
Cognitive theory
Cognitive theory is mental ability of connecting new
knowledge, concept and understanding, with prior knowledge of psychology that
attempts to explain human behavior by understanding the thought processes also
known as “Assimilation” is when the child has seen something before and applies
to the current situation the cognition will be increase accordance with the growth
of the human.
The theorist is Jean Piaget (1896 - 1980). Woolfolk
(1998) explained that the cognitive view of learning can be best described as a
generally agreed upon philosophical orientation. This means that cognitive
theories share basic notions about learning and memory. John and David (1993)
said that there are three stages in learning and each located in a separate
memory system. They are the sensory register (selective attention), working
memory (thinking) and long term memory (storage and recall). They explained that
in sensory register, such as the first stage in learning, all sensory
impressions are retained for a period lasting up to one second, depending on
several factors such as the strength of stimulus. Information that a person
perceives and pays attention to its transferred to the second component of the
memory system is the short term memory. Slavin (2003 ) It is a memory that hold
a limited amount of information for a few seconds. In other words it is the
part of memory in which information that is currently being thought about is
stored. Long term memory is that part of our memory system where we keep
information for long period of time.
Salvin (2003) said in his book that it is
thought to be a very large capacity, very long term memory store. Human memory
has two channels for processing information: visual and auditory but human memory
has very limited capacity for processing information, learning occurs by active
processing in the memory system and new knowledge and skills must be retrieved
from long-term memory for transfer to the task.
Referencing:
Anita E.Woolfolk (1998)., Educational Psychology (7th edition), Library of Congress Catalogue in Publication Data; United Sates of America.
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